Nature Climate Change, Published online: 25 January 2024; doi:10.1038/s41558-023-01916-w

Tropical instability waves (TIWs) are an important component of the equatorial Pacific climate. An analysis of satellite observations, in situ measurements and ocean circulation models indicates that TIW activity has intensified in the central equatorial Pacific by approximately 12 ± 6% per decade since the 1990s.
Nature Climate Change